The past few years have seen a quiet, relatively well behaved, and entirely legal revolution in New Zealand Aotearoa: the growth of a thriving Commons of works made available under Creative Commons open copyright licences.

A Quiet Revolution tells Kiwi stories as diverse as open source houses, teachers banding together to share resources, government departments making their data available for anyone to use, and artists sharing their work in a spirit of collaboration and community – and shows how something as seemingly dry as copyright licensing can have profound impacts on our society, culture and economy.

If you’ve ever wondered how copyright applies to you, how Creative Commons actually works, or why so many people choose to use Creative Commons licensing, then here are the answers.

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The short life of hacker Aaron Swartz, who died by suicide on 11 January 2013, has many incredible aspects. A small computer genius who grew up in a Chicago suburb, he met, as a teenager, scholars of the calibre of Tim Berners-Lee and Lawrence Lessig and worked with them to build the computer architectures, and licences, of the future. In a radical change of life, he will then decide to devote himself to political and technological activism; in the meantime, his talented colleagues are taking advantage of the Silicon Valley wave to get rich. Instead, he will devote his energies, and talent, to fight for open access, secure communications, anonymity, and freeing content and culture from the confines, and paywalls, of big databases. At some point, however, the US government will target him and, slowly, the powerful American judicial machine will crush him. His teaching, his theories, his passion are still today, ten years after his death, an example for many users, hackers and citizens of the information society.

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Agricultural input subsidies were a major feature of development policies in rural economies until the 1980s. Continuing rural poverty with low productivity and fertilizer use in smallholder staple crops has led to their resurgence in Africa. These subsidies are, however, controversial with claims of both large food security benefits and unsustainable, inefficient resource use. This book reviews current theory and evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of these programmes and the effects of programme context, design, and implementation. Theoretical arguments for agricultural subsidies are based on input promotion where farmers’ private costs (benefits) are higher (lower) than wider economic costs (benefits). These arguments, and concerns about inefficiency and diversion, are reviewed and extended to consider input affordability constraints and ‘smart’ rationing and targeting. Recent programmes in Africa have a variety of generally producer-focused objectives, with varied implementation and programme outcomes. Most pay little attention to consumer interests and potential contributions to wider growth. A detailed examination of Malawi’s controversial agricultural input subsidy programme follows. Drawing on a wide range of information sources, the political and agro-economic contexts of the programme are examined, with evidence on its implementation and impacts from 2005 to 2011. Positive impacts are recorded on beneficiaries’ production, incomes, food consumption, school enrolment, child health, and reduced need for earnings from undertaking casual labour for others. There is evidence of indirect economy-wide impacts, but this is not as strong as might be expected. Targeting and graduation are identified as critically important issues requiring continuing attention.

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This book argues that the pseudonym, Dionysius the Areopagite, and the influence of Paul together constitute the best interpretive lens for understanding the Corpus Dionysiacum [CD]. This book demonstrates how Paul in fact animates the entire corpus, that the influence of Paul illuminates such central themes of the CD as hierarchy, theurgy, deification, Christology, affirmation (kataphasis) and negation (apophasis), dissimilar similarities, and unknowing. Most importantly, Paul serves as a fulcrum for the expression of a new theological anthropology, an “apophatic anthropology.” Dionysius figures Paul as the premier apostolic witness to this apophatic anthropology, as the ecstatic lover of the divine who confesses to the rupture of his self and the indwelling of the divine in Gal 2:20: “it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me.” Building on this notion of apophatic anthropology, the book forwards an explanation for why this sixth‐century author chose to write under an apostolic pseudonym. It argues that the very practice of pseudonymous writing itself serves as an ecstatic devotional exercise whereby the writer becomes split in two and thereby open to the indwelling of the divine. Pseudonymity is on this interpretation integral and internal to the aims of the wider mystical enterprise. Thus this book aims to question the distinction between “theory” and “practice” by demonstrating that negative theology—often figured as a speculative and rarefied theory regarding the transcendence of God—is in fact best understood as a kind of asceticism, a devotional practice aiming for the total transformation of the Christian subject.

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This book examines the law, national and/or international, that arbitral tribunals apply on the merits to settle disputes between foreign investors and host states. In light of the freedom that the disputing parties and the arbitrators have when designating the applicable law, and because of the hybrid nature of legal relationship between investors and states, there is significant interplay between the national and the international legal order in investor-state arbitration. The book contains a comprehensive analysis of the relevant jurisprudence, legal instruments, and scholarship surrounding arbitral practice with respect to the application of national law and international law. It investigates the awards in which tribunals referred to consistency between the legal orders, and suggests alternatives to the traditional doctrines of monism and dualism to explain the relationship between the national and the international legal order. The book also addresses the territorialized or internationalized nature of the tribunals; relevant choice-of-law rules and methodologies; and the scope of the arbitration agreement, including the possibility of host states presenting counterclaims in investment treaty arbitration. Ultimately, it argues that in investor–state arbitration, national and international law do not only coexist but may be applied simultaneously; they are also interdependent, each complementing and informing the other both indirectly and directly for a larger common good: enforcement of rights and obligations regardless of their national or international origin.

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This book is for all those who are seeking a human perspective on economic and organizational processes. It lays the foundations for a value based approach to the economy.

The key questions are: “What is important to you or your organization?” “What is this action or that organization good for?”

The book is directed at the prevalence of instrumentalist thinking in the current economy and responds to the calls for another economy.

Another economy demands another economics. The value based approach is another economics; it focuses on values and on the most important goods such as families, homes, communities, knowledge, and art. It places economic processes in their cultural context.

What does it take to do the right thing, as a person, as an organization, as a society? What is the good to strive for? This book gives directions for the answers.

The value based approach restores the ancient idea that quality of life and of society is what the economy is all about. It advocates shifting the focus from quantities (“how much?”) to qualities (“what is important?”).

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This book is for all those who are seeking a human perspective on economic and organizational processes. It lays the foundations for a value based approach to the economy.

The key questions are: “What is important to you or your organization?” “What is this action or that organization good for?”

The book is directed at the prevalence of instrumentalist thinking in the current economy and responds to the calls for another economy.

Another economy demands another economics. The value based approach is another economics; it focuses on values and on the most important goods such as families, homes, communities, knowledge, and art. It places economic processes in their cultural context.

What does it take to do the right thing, as a person, as an organization, as a society? What is the good to strive for? This book gives directions for the answers.

The value based approach restores the ancient idea that quality of life and of society is what the economy is all about. It advocates shifting the focus from quantities (“how much?”) to qualities (“what is important?”).

Listed by Unglue.it.

This book is for all those who are seeking a human perspective on economic and organizational processes. It lays the foundations for a value based approach to the economy.

The key questions are: “What is important to you or your organization?” “What is this action or that organization good for?”

The book is directed at the prevalence of instrumentalist thinking in the current economy and responds to the calls for another economy.

Another economy demands another economics. The value based approach is another economics; it focuses on values and on the most important goods such as families, homes, communities, knowledge, and art. It places economic processes in their cultural context.

What does it take to do the right thing, as a person, as an organization, as a society? What is the good to strive for? This book gives directions for the answers.

The value based approach restores the ancient idea that quality of life and of society is what the economy is all about. It advocates shifting the focus from quantities (“how much?”) to qualities (“what is important?”).

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This volume consists of a collection of essays by five German scholars from various Italian universities – R. Calabrese, R. Caruzzi, M. Fancelli, L. Perrone Capano, R. Svandrlik (editor) – and N. Šlibar from the University of Lubiana, that meld formal research and musical pace and structure with the pitiless radicalism and the consistency of the issues addressed, first and foremost the oppression inherent to power relations. In the commitment to reveal the mechanisms of manipulation, from the most obvious to the most subtle, the author herself becomes a manipulator of language of exceptional creativity and daring, with the guiding thread of the gender perspective. The volume is completed by the translation of the speech made by the Austrian writer when she was awarded the Nobel prize in 2004, and by a bibliography (edited by Claudia Vitale), focused in particular on the reception in Italy and on the scarcity of Italian scientific studies.

Elfriede Jelinek. Una prosa altra, un altro teatro è una raccolta di saggi, di cinque germaniste di varie università italiane, R. Calabrese, R. Caruzzi, M. Fancelli, L. Perrone Capano, R. Svandrlik (curatrice), e N. Šlibar dell'Università di Lubiana. Le autrici evidenziano come ricerca formale, struttura e andamento musicale si coniugano con la radicalità spietata e con la coerenza dei temi, in primo luogo con la denuncia della sopraffazione all'interno dei rapporti di potere. Nell'impegno a svelare i meccanismi manipolatori, da quelli più evidenti a quelli più sottili, l'autrice diventa essa stessa una manipolatrice di linguaggio dall'eccezionale creatività e audacia, con il filo conduttore del punto di vista di genere. Il volume si chiude con la traduzione del discorso che la scrittrice austriaca tenne in occasione del conferimento del Nobel nel 2004, e con una bibliografia (a cura di Claudia Vitale) che dà conto in particolare della ricezione in Italia e della scarsità di studi scientifici in ambito italiano.

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Lehrkräfte betätigen sich täglich als Remixkünstler_innen. Für guten Unterricht kombinieren sie Materialien aus verschiedenen Quellen, sodass sie auf die jeweilige Lernsituation, das jeweilige Lernbedürfnis zugeschnitten sind. Oft geschieht dies noch mithilfe von kopierten Papiervorlagen, Schere und Kleber; im Zeitalter des Internets spielen jedoch verstärkt digitale Materialien eine Rolle. Leicht können sie dem Netz entnommen und aufbereitet werden. Doch dabei drohen ständig technische Schwierigkeiten und urheberrechtliche Fallstricke. Das Praxisbuch zeigt schnelle Wege zu digitalen Materialien, die technisch einfach und rechtlich sauber genutzt werden können. Sogenannte Open Educational Resources (OER) helfen dabei, Unterrichtsmaterialien differenzierter und rechtssicher zu gestalten – und sind gleichzeitig vielfältig und kostenlos. Aus dem Inhalt: • Wirklich freie Unterrichtsmaterialien finden • Urheberrechtsverstöße und Abmahnungen vermeiden • OER selbst machen und teilen • Die besten Anlaufstellen für freie Arbeitsblätter, Bilder und Sounds • Tipps und Tricks für die Arbeit im Alltag

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This book focuses upon an aspect which has been little investigated to date in the poetics of Iosif Brodskij: the rich intertextual network that links his verses to classical literature. Brodskij's intertext never appears as imitation but rather as mimesis, like an inescapable mediation - at times concealed by the presence of cultures diachronically closer, the Russian in the first place - strongly impregnated with meaning and teaching: "(As for creation, the pen has created very little). / But how much light it casts in the night, / the ink, merging with the darkness!". This book proposes moments of reflection on the intense and nuanced relation that connects Brodskij's poetics with the poetics of Aristotle, and the subtle but equally strong links of Brodskij's idea of democracy with that of the organisation of government in Plato's Republic. Pursuing an historic approach, the book delineates the characteristics of Brodskij as a reader of the classics and, at the same time, as a person intimately involved, at an individual and collective level, in the events of Russian culture. In Brodskij's dialogical approach, in particular in relation to ancient classical culture, the lineaments of the poet emerge clearly. Considered in their globality, these reveal inspiration, thought (profound, and strongly impregnated with philosophy), moral rigour (ironic and self-ironising), the renunciation of the display of feelings, and the tension towards an autobiographical writing that is universalised and externalised, a strong and constant link with the narration of myths and, in a manner that is increasingly marked over the time of his life and work, a progressive prevalence of the signs of the classical authors.

Lezioni di poesia mette in luce un aspetto finora poco indagato nella poetica di Iosif Brodskij, la ricca rete intertestuale che lega i suoi versi alle letterature classiche. L'intertesto brodskiano mai appare come "imitazione", piuttosto come "mimesis", come una mediazione, talvolta celata dalla presenza di culture diacronicamente più vicine, in primis quella russa ineludibile, fortemente impregnata di senso e insegnamento: «(Creando, ben poco la penna ha creato). / Ma quanta luce dà nella notte, / con il buio fondendosi, l'inchiostro!». Lezioni di poesia propone momenti di riflessioni sull'intenso e sfumato rapporto che lega poetica brodskiana e poetica aristotelica, e sui sottili ma altrettanto forti nessi dell'idea di democrazia in Brodskij con quella dell'organizzazione di governo nella Repubblica di Platone. Tramite un percorso storico il volume delinea i tratti di Brodskij, lettore dei classici e, contemporaneamente, persona intimamente coinvolta, sul piano individuale e collettivo, nelle vicende della cultura russa. Nel "porsi dialogico" di Brodskij, in particolare nei confronti dell'antica cultura classica, si fanno emergere chiari i lineamenti del poeta, che nel loro insieme evocano ispirazione, pensiero (profondo e fortemente impregnato di filosofia), rigore morale (ironico e autoironico), rinuncia all'esibizione dei sentimenti, tensione a una scrittura autobiografica "universalizzata" e "estraniata", forte e costante legame con la narrazione dei miti e, in maniera sempre più rimarcabile nel tempo dell'esistenza e dell'opera, un progressivo prevalere dei "segni" degli autori classici.

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When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant way — what we call being Made with Creative Commons. With the help of our Kickstarter backers, we chose twenty-four endeavors from all around the world that are Made with Creative Commons. The mix is diverse, from an individual musician to a university-textbook publisher to an electronics manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons licensing. Others are platforms for CC-licensed creative work made by others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these endeavors share their work — whether it’s open data or furniture designs — in a way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it.

We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under Creative Commons licenses helped boost sales or increase reach. Using traditional measures of economic success, we tried to map these business models in a way that meaningfully incorporated the impact of Creative Commons. In our interviews, we dug into the motivations, the role of CC licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success.

In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and research.

It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens.

The book we ended up writing is so much more than what we set out to do. Made With Creative Commons started as a book about business models, but it ultimately became a book about sharing. Part analysis, part handbook, part collection of case studies, we see Made With Creative Commons as a guide to sharing your knowledge and creativity with the world, and sustaining your operation while you do. It makes the case that sharing is good for business, especially for companies, organizations, and creators who care about more than just the bottom line. Full of practical advice and inspiring stories, Made with Creative Commons is a book that will show you what it really means to share.

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Whether it is a question of the age below which a child cannot be held liable for their actions, or the attribution of responsibility to defendants with mental illnesses, mental incapacity is a central concern for legal actors, policy makers, and legislators when it comes to crime and justice. Understanding the terrain of mental incapacity in criminal law is notoriously difficult; it involves tracing overlapping and interlocking legal doctrines, current and past practices including those of evidence and proof, and also medical and social understanding of mental order and incapacity. Bringing together previously disparate discussions on criminal responsibility from law, psychology, and philosophy, this book provides a close study of mental incapacity defences, analysing their development through historical cases to the modern era. It maps the shifting boundaries between normality and abnormality as constructed in law, arguing that ‘manifest madness’ — the distinct character of mental incapacity revealed by this interdisciplinary approach — has a broad significance for understanding the criminal law as a whole.

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Although open content licences only account for a fraction of all copyright licences currently in force in the copyright world, the mentality change initated by the open content movement is here to stay. To promote the use of open content licences, it is important to better understand the theoretical underpinnings of these licences, as well as to gain insight on the practical advantages and inconveniences of their use. This book assembles chapters written by renowned European scholars on a number of selected issues relating to open content licensing. It offers a comprehensive and objective study of the principles of open content from a European intellectual property law perspective and of their possible implementation in the areas of scientific publishing, of the re-use of government information, of the dissemination of works held by cultural heritage institutions and of the exercise of rights on music phonograms.

Ter bevordering van het gebruik van open content-licenties, is het belangrijk om beter inzicht te krijgen in de theoretische onderbouwing van deze licenties, alsmede de praktische voordelen en nadelen van hun gebruik. En omdat de meest gebruikte licenties, zoals de General Public License en de Creative Commons licenties, afkomstig zijn uit de Verenigde Staten, is het ook belangrijk te onderzoeken of ze geldig en de toepasbaar zijn vanuit een Europeesrechtelijk perspectief. In deze bundel bespreken gerenommeerde Europese wetenschappers een aantal geselecteerde kwesties die betrekking hebben op dit bijzonder onderwerp. Het biedt een uitgebreide en objectieve studie van de principes van open content vanuit het perspectief van Europese intellectueel eigendomsrecht en hun mogelijke implementatie op het gebied van het wetenschappelijk publiceren. Ook worden het hergebruik van overheidsinformatie, van de verspreiding van werken in het bezit van cultureel erfgoed instellingen en van de uitoefening van de rechten op muziekdragers behandeld. Dit is een unieke grondige Europese juridische analyse van de mogelijkheid van het open content licentiemodel als een sleutelfactor in de verspreiding en het gebruik van informatie.

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Open Models are changing everything, are you ready?

Software, education, industrial design, data, sciences, art and culture, open mo- dels are everywhere. e actors who make use of these open approaches often question the positions de ned by traditional actors. Communities frequently organize themselves to collectively solve issues that centralized organizations come up against. Tabby, the car available as an open source kit, Protei, the marine open source drone and OpenStreetMap are just a few examples.

What do these open models teach us? Under which conditions can they develop their impact? What kind of dialogue and interactions are possible with traditio- nal actors? Researchers, entrepreneurs, managers in major companies, designers, experts, writers and philosophers respond to these questions in Open Models, business models of the open economy.

Available for purchase from Without Model.

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Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’

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Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’

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The Politics of Security tells the story of how people experienced the cold war as a war. It is about the impact of the cold war on political cultures. This crucial issue is often forgotten in historical memory. In particular, the book follows British and West German anti-nuclear-weapons activists in their attempts to campaign for and create security after the destruction of the Second World War, and how their own version of security clashed with concepts advanced by their own governments. But the book also demonstrates how, as part of the protests against nuclear weapons, activists and their societies learned to live with the Bomb: it recounts how activists first discovered the dangers of nuclear weapons, but how a different generation of activists came to focus on other issues as the Vietnam War became their primary concern. And it makes comprehensible how activists in two societies who had fought each other fiercely in the battle of dictatorships and democracies of the Second World War could now come to see each other as part of a common campaign. Fundamentally, with its transnational approach, the book highlights how these two societies drew on very similar arguments when they came to understand the cold war through the prism of the previous world war. The book is the first to capture in a transnational fashion what activists did on the marches and what it meant to them and to others. The book thus reminds us that threats are not merely out there, but that they need to be created in a political process that involves struggles for power and contestation.

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What can and can’t be copied is a matter of law, but also of aesthetics, culture, and economics. The act of copying, and the creation and transaction of rights relating to it, evokes fundamental notions of communication and censorship, of authorship and ownership—of privilege and property. This volume conceives a new history of copyright law that has its roots in a wide range of norms and practices. The essays reach back to the very material world of craftsmanship and mechanical inventions of Renaissance Italy where, in 1469, the German master printer Johannes of Speyer obtained a five-year exclusive privilege to print in Venice and its dominions. Along the intellectual journey that follows, we encounter John Milton who, in 1644 accused the English parliament of having been deceived by the ‘fraud of some old patentees and monopolizers in the trade of bookselling’ (i.e. the London Stationers’ Company). Later revisionary essays investigate the regulation of the printing press in the North American colonies as a provincial and somewhat crude version of European precedents, and how, in the revolutionary France of 1789, the subtle balance that the royal decrees had established between the interests of the author, the bookseller, and the public, was shattered by the abolition of the privilege system. Some of the essays also address the specific evolution of rights associated with the visual and performing arts. The volume is a companion to the digital archive Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900), funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). Privilege and Property is recommended in the Times Higher Education Textbook Guide (November, 2010).

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What can and can’t be copied is a matter of law, but also of aesthetics, culture, and economics. The act of copying, and the creation and transaction of rights relating to it, evokes fundamental notions of communication and censorship, of authorship and ownership—of privilege and property. This volume conceives a new history of copyright law that has its roots in a wide range of norms and practices. The essays reach back to the very material world of craftsmanship and mechanical inventions of Renaissance Italy where, in 1469, the German master printer Johannes of Speyer obtained a five-year exclusive privilege to print in Venice and its dominions. Along the intellectual journey that follows, we encounter John Milton who, in 1644 accused the English parliament of having been deceived by the ‘fraud of some old patentees and monopolizers in the trade of bookselling’ (i.e. the London Stationers’ Company). Later revisionary essays investigate the regulation of the printing press in the North American colonies as a provincial and somewhat crude version of European precedents, and how, in the revolutionary France of 1789, the subtle balance that the royal decrees had established between the interests of the author, the bookseller, and the public, was shattered by the abolition of the privilege system. Some of the essays also address the specific evolution of rights associated with the visual and performing arts. The volume is a companion to the digital archive Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900), funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). Privilege and Property is recommended in the Times Higher Education Textbook Guide (November, 2010).

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"Saggi" brings together the results of the research activity carried out on the PhD course in English and American Studies (Department of Modern Philology, University of Florence). The contributions relate to the theatre, narrative, poetry, autobiographical writing and correspondence, and range from the Renaissance up to the present day. The heterogeneity of the material illustrates the free choice of the young academics who, in the climate of collaboration that was established, decided to address the technical and editorial aspects of the book as a team in the open access editorial workshop of the Department.

"Saggi" raccoglie i risultati dell'attività di ricerca svolta all'interno del Dottorato di Anglistica e Americanistica (Dipartimento di Filologia Moderna, Università di Firenze). I contributi toccano il teatro, la narrativa, la poesia, la scrittura autobiografica e la corrispondenza, spaziano dal Rinascimento alla contemporaneità. L'eterogeneità del materiale testimonia la libera scelta dei giovani studiosi i quali, nel clima di collaborazione che si è creato, hanno deciso di curare l'aspetto tecnico redazionale del volume collettivamente, nel Laboratorio editoriale open access del Dipartimento.

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Architects look at thousands of buildings during their training, and study critiques of those buildings written by masters. In contrast, most software developers only ever get to know a handful of large programs well — usually programs they wrote themselves — and never study the great programs of history. As a result, they repeat one another’s mistakes rather than building on one another’s successes.

This second volume of The Architecture of Open Source Applications aims to change that. In it, the authors of twenty-four open source applications explain how their software is structured, and why. What are each program's major components? How do they interact? And what did their builders learn during their development? In answering these questions, the contributors to this book provide unique insights into how they think.

Paperback and donation options available on the book's website. Volume I is also available.

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This book is a study of the cultural and political history of Christian Iraq, the Church of the East, the so–called ‘Nestorians’. This history is seen through the Chronicle of Seert, a medieval Arabic Chronicle that reuses sources written several centuries earlier. This monograph aims to isolate different layers of composition and looks for trends in the choice of material and the agenda of their historians. Each layer of the text provides insight into the social construction of ‘orthodox belief’ in Iraq and the church as an institution. A central narrative is the growing power of the bishops (catholicoi) of the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon, their apostolic heritage, and their alliance with the Persian shahs. The monograph also considers the relationship of the catholicoi with monastic and scholarly centres and with Christian communities of the West. In each of these cases, the material that the Chronicle includes shows us how independent historical traditions were annexed by a narrative focused on Ctesiphon and its bishops. The monograph begins in the fifth century, when a series of abortive alliances between church and shah generated small-scale persecutions. It continues this story into the sixth and early seventh, when the church witnessed considerable growth in numbers and prestige. At each stage, we can see Christians rewriting the past to accommodate a new political and social situation, turning a murky past into a glorious golden age. The book concludes with a final chapter on the church under Muslim rule, when the Chronicle was compiled.

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The Digital Public Domain: Foundations for an Open Culture

Melanie Dulong de Rosnay and Juan Carlos De Martin (eds.)

Digital technology has made culture more accessible than ever before. Texts, audio, pictures and video can easily be produced, disseminated, used and remixed using devices that are increasingly user-friendly and affordable. However, along with this technological democratization comes a paradoxical flipside: the norms regulating culture's use - copyright and related rights - have become increasingly restrictive.

This book brings together essays by academics, librarians, entrepreneurs, activists and policy makers, who were all part of the EU-funded Communia project. Together the authors argue that the Public Domain - that is, the informational works owned by all of us, be that literature, music, the output of scientific research, educational material or public sector information - is fundamental to a healthy society.

The essays range from more theoretical papers on the history of copyright and the Public Domain, to practical examples and case studies of recent projects that have engaged with the principles of Open Access and Creative Commons licensing. The book is essential reading for anyone interested in the current debate about copyright and the internet. It opens up discussion and offers practical solutions to the difficult question of the regulation of culture in the digital age.

 

Open Book Publishers - Setting Knowledge Free

At Open Book Publishers, we believe that knowledge is for sharing. We are a non-profit, Open Access publisher, committed to making high-quality research freely available to readers around the world. As well as being published in ebook, paperback and hardback editions, all our books include a free online edition that can be read via our website, downloaded, reused or embedded anywhere. These free online editions are currently being accessed by thousands of readers each month in over 140 countries around the world.

By downloading The Digital Public Domain and making a contribution to Open Book Publishers, you are helping us to continue to make high-quality research free for anyone, anywhere to read.

Thank you for your support!

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The Digital Public Domain: Foundations for an Open Culture

Melanie Dulong de Rosnay and Juan Carlos De Martin (eds.)

Digital technology has made culture more accessible than ever before. Texts, audio, pictures and video can easily be produced, disseminated, used and remixed using devices that are increasingly user-friendly and affordable. However, along with this technological democratization comes a paradoxical flipside: the norms regulating culture's use - copyright and related rights - have become increasingly restrictive.

This book brings together essays by academics, librarians, entrepreneurs, activists and policy makers, who were all part of the EU-funded Communia project. Together the authors argue that the Public Domain - that is, the informational works owned by all of us, be that literature, music, the output of scientific research, educational material or public sector information - is fundamental to a healthy society.

The essays range from more theoretical papers on the history of copyright and the Public Domain, to practical examples and case studies of recent projects that have engaged with the principles of Open Access and Creative Commons licensing. The book is essential reading for anyone interested in the current debate about copyright and the internet. It opens up discussion and offers practical solutions to the difficult question of the regulation of culture in the digital age.

 

Open Book Publishers - Setting Knowledge Free

At Open Book Publishers, we believe that knowledge is for sharing. We are a non-profit, Open Access publisher, committed to making high-quality research freely available to readers around the world. As well as being published in ebook, paperback and hardback editions, all our books include a free online edition that can be read via our website, downloaded, reused or embedded anywhere. These free online editions are currently being accessed by thousands of readers each month in over 140 countries around the world.

By downloading The Digital Public Domain and making a contribution to Open Book Publishers, you are helping us to continue to make high-quality research free for anyone, anywhere to read.

Thank you for your support!

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The Digital Public Domain: Foundations for an Open Culture

Melanie Dulong de Rosnay and Juan Carlos De Martin (eds.)

Digital technology has made culture more accessible than ever before. Texts, audio, pictures and video can easily be produced, disseminated, used and remixed using devices that are increasingly user-friendly and affordable. However, along with this technological democratization comes a paradoxical flipside: the norms regulating culture's use - copyright and related rights - have become increasingly restrictive.

This book brings together essays by academics, librarians, entrepreneurs, activists and policy makers, who were all part of the EU-funded Communia project. Together the authors argue that the Public Domain - that is, the informational works owned by all of us, be that literature, music, the output of scientific research, educational material or public sector information - is fundamental to a healthy society.

The essays range from more theoretical papers on the history of copyright and the Public Domain, to practical examples and case studies of recent projects that have engaged with the principles of Open Access and Creative Commons licensing. The book is essential reading for anyone interested in the current debate about copyright and the internet. It opens up discussion and offers practical solutions to the difficult question of the regulation of culture in the digital age.

 

Open Book Publishers - Setting Knowledge Free

At Open Book Publishers, we believe that knowledge is for sharing. We are a non-profit, Open Access publisher, committed to making high-quality research freely available to readers around the world. As well as being published in ebook, paperback and hardback editions, all our books include a free online edition that can be read via our website, downloaded, reused or embedded anywhere. These free online editions are currently being accessed by thousands of readers each month in over 140 countries around the world.

By downloading The Digital Public Domain and making a contribution to Open Book Publishers, you are helping us to continue to make high-quality research free for anyone, anywhere to read.

Thank you for your support!

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While industries such as music, newspapers, film and publishing have seen radical changes in their business models and practices as a direct result of new technologies, higher education has so far resisted the wholesale changes we have seen elsewhere. However, a gradual and fundamental shift in the practice of academics is taking place. Every aspect of scholarly practice is seeing changes effected by the adoption and possibilities of new technologies. This book will explore these changes, their implications for higher education, the possibilities for new forms of scholarly practice and what lessons can be drawn from other sectors.

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Examining the legal effects of EU concluded treaties, this book provides an analysis of this increasingly important and rapidly growing area of EU law. The EU has concluded more than 1,000 treaties including recently its first human rights treaty (the UN Rights of Persons with Disability Convention). These agreements are regularly invoked in litigation in the Courts of the member states and before the EU courts in Luxembourg but their ramifications for the EU legal order and that of the member states remains underexplored. Through analysis of over 300 cases, the book finds evidence of a twin-track approach whereby the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) adopts a maximalist approach to Treaty enforcement, where EU agreements are invoked in challenges to member state level action whilst largely insulating EU action from meaningful review vis-à-vis agreements. The book also reveals novel findings regarding the use of EU agreements in EU level litigation including: the types and which specific EU agreements (including the types of provisions) have arisen in litigation; the nature of the proceedings (preliminary rulings or direct actions) and the number of occasions in which they have been addressed in challenges to member state or EU action and the outcomes; who has been litigating (individuals, institutions, or member states) and which domestic courts have been referring questions to the CJEU. The significance of the judicial developments in this area are situated within the context of the domestic constitutional ramifications for member state legal orders thus revealing a neglected dimension in the constitutionalization debates, which traditionally emphasized the ramifications of internal EU law for the domestic constitutional order without expressly accommodating the constitutional significance of this external category of EU law nor the different challenges that this poses domestically.

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The book offers the first treatment in English to provide a thorough examination of the legal duties falling under the principle of loyalty in EU public law. Despite its seemingly innocuous wording, in what is now Article 4 (3) TEU, the principle of sincere cooperation has had a significant impact in deepening the reach of EU law within the Member States. The principle has been central to the development of Union law since the 1960s, and is still being relied on by the European Court of Justice to often-controversial effect. Providing a thorough discussion of the principle of loyalty in EU law, this book introduces a novel classification of the very diverse roles loyalty plays in the EU. It distinguishes between the effects loyalty prescribes for interlocking the legal orders of the Member States with Union law (cohesion), its application in preventing and resolving conflicts between the Union and the Member States (cooperation), and the loyalty principle's role in the shaping of EU law (construction). It addresses important and yet unresolved questions pertaining to loyalty, such as its relation to the principles of solidarity, effectiveness, fidelity, pre-emption, the Union interest, institutional balance, and the unity of international representation. The book explains why the principle of loyalty has been neglected in the prevailing narratives about the constitutionalization of EU law, places it in its international context, examining how it has influenced EU law and the comparisons that can be drawn with national and international principles of law.

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Tra sensi e spirito investigates the origins of a sort of 'Copernican revolution' that took place in western culture when music acquired an undisputed primacy over the other arts, becoming the privileged medium of metaphysical knowledge, if not actually the very emblem of absolute Truth. Starting from the analysis of the principal oppositions (between melody and harmony, word and sound, voice and instruments) emerging from the aesthetic debate that developed in the latter half of the eighteenth century, first in France and later in Germany, Tra sensi e spirito brings to light the essential ambivalence of music, in which we can discern a dual nature: sensual-erotic and mystical-spiritual. Examining these two aspects, supremely exemplified in the works of Wilhelm Heinse and Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder and the characters created by them, the book brings out the figure of the 'problematic' artist in a modern sense, who experiences with profound unease the ambiguity of the "criminal innocence" of the musical phenomenon: a musical phenomenon that acts at once as a redeeming and a 'narcotic' force, engendering a loss of contact with reality.

Tra sensi e spirito indaga le origini di una sorta di 'rivoluzione copernicana' vissuta nella cultura occidentale quando la musica conquista un primato indiscusso sulle altre arti, divenendo il medium privilegiato della conoscenza metafisica, se non addirittura l'emblema stesso della Verità assoluta. A partire dall'analisi delle principali opposizioni (tra melodia e armonia, parola e suono, voce e strumenti) che emergono dal dibattito estetico sviluppatosi nel secondo '700 prima in Francia e poi in Germania, Tra sensi e spirito mette in luce l'ambivalenza di fondo della musica, nella quale si riscontra una doppia natura: sensuale-erotica e mistico-spirituale. Esaminando questi due aspetti, che trovano una rappresentazione esemplare nelle opere di Heinse e Wackenroder e nei personaggi da loro creati, il volume fa emergere la figura dell''artista problematico' in senso moderno, che vive con profondo disagio l'ambiguità, la «delittuosa innocenza» del fenomeno musicale; un fenomeno musicale che agisce contemporaneamente come forza redentrice e 'narcotico', facendo perdere contatto con la realtà.

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Die Frage nach dem Umgang mit »treuhänderisch« verwahrtem Kulturgut bzw. Raubgut betrifft Bibliotheken, Archive und Museen sowie jüdische Institutionen. Während die gängigen Erwerbungsarten in Kultureinrichtungen wie Kauf, Geschenk, Pflicht und Tausch übliche Geschäftsvorgänge darstellen und im Rahmen der NS-Provenienzforschung kritisch untersucht werden, sind mit Auflagen versehene Übernahmen und Verwahrungen wie Treuhand, Leihgaben oder Legate, aber auch staatliche Zuweisungen im Kontext von NS-Kulturgutraub und staatlichen Transformationsprozessen bislang wenig beachtet worden. Neben der Darstellung der bisherigen Handhabung »treuhänderisch« übernommener Kulturgüter werden hier strukturierte Vorgehensweisen sowie die Anforderungen, Chancen und Grenzen eines adäquaten Umgangs interdisziplinär erörtert.

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Wikipedia's first twenty years: how what began as an experiment in collaboration became the world's most popular reference work. We have been looking things up in Wikipedia for twenty years. What began almost by accident—a wiki attached to a nascent online encyclopedia—has become the world's most popular reference work. Regarded at first as the scholarly equivalent of a Big Mac, Wikipedia is now known for its reliable sourcing and as a bastion of (mostly) reasoned interaction. How has Wikipedia, built on a model of radical collaboration, remained true to its original mission of “free access to the sum of all human knowledge” when other tech phenomena have devolved into advertising platforms? In this book, scholars, activists, and volunteers reflect on Wikipedia's first twenty years, revealing connections across disciplines and borders, languages and data, the professional and personal. The contributors consider Wikipedia's history, the richness of the connections that underpin it, and its founding vision. Their essays look at, among other things, the shift from bewilderment to respect in press coverage of Wikipedia; Wikipedia as “the most important laboratory for social scientific and computing research in history”; and the acknowledgment that “free access” includes not just access to the material but freedom to contribute—that the summation of all human knowledge is biased by who documents it. Contributors Phoebe Ayers, Omer Benjakob, Yochai Benkler, William Beutler, Siko Bouterse, Rebecca Thorndike-Breeze, Amy Carleton, Robert Cummings, LiAnna L. Davis, Siân Evans, Heather Ford, Stephen Harrison, Heather Hart, Benjamin Mako Hill, Dariusz Jemielniak, Brian Keegan, Jackie Koerner, Alexandria Lockett, Jacqueline Mabey, Katherine Maher, Michael Mandiberg, Stephane Coillet-Matillon, Cecelia A. Musselman, Eliza Myrie, Jake Orlowitz, Ian A. Ramjohn, Joseph Reagle, Anasuya Sengupta, Aaron Shaw, Melissa Tamani, Jina Valentine, Matthew Vetter, Adele Vrana, Denny Vrandecic

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Da Blake a Yeats. Sistemi simbolici e costruzioni poetiche is an investigation into the – from many aspects decisive – influence that the symbolic system and visionary poetry of the great English romantic William Blake had on the imagination of William Butler Yeats from his earliest youth. This authentic poetic and visionary apprenticeship in the work of Blake, which culminated in 1893 in the edition in three volumes accompanied by an exhaustive introduction and commentary: The Works of William Blake Poetic, Symbolic, and Critical, was decisive for the formation of the symbolic system that was to nourish all Yeats' poetry. Adopting an approach to the reading that unfurls from an initial analysis of Blake's poetic corpus, and hence from the mythical-symbolic pantheon that surfaces from this, the book then traces Yeats' initial particular hodos chameliontos, profoundly marked by magical and esoteric experiences, subsequently entering into the meanders of the aesthetic, philosophical and poetic interrelations between the symbolic system of William Blake and that of W. B. Yeats. Da Blake a Yeats illuminates how The Works of William Blake represents the first genuine formalisation of Blakeian and esoteric teachings within Yeats' system, while also representing, for Yeats himself, a keystone in his vision of Blake and an inexhaustible spring for the evolution of his symbolic system and his imagination.

Da Blake a Yeats. Sistemi simbolici e costruzioni poetiche è una indagine sull'influsso, per molti aspetti determinante, che il sistema simbolico e la poesia visionaria del grande romantico inglese, William Blake, ebbero sull'immaginazione di William Butler Yeats fin dalla sua giovinezza. Decisivo ai fini della formazione del sistema simbolico yeatsiano che avrebbe nutrito tutta la sua poesia, fu per lui quel vero e proprio apprendistato poetico e visionario sull'opera di Blake, che si concluse nel 1893 con una edizione in tre volumi, riccamente introdotta e commentata: The Works of William Blake Poetic, Symbolic, and Critical. Adottando un percorso di lettura che si snoda a partire dall'analisi del corpus poetico blakiano e quindi dal pantheon mitico-simbolico che da esso affiora, per poi attraversare il primo particolare hodos chameliontos yeatsiano, profondamente segnato da esperienze magiche ed esoteriche, entrando quindi nei meandri del rapporto estetico, filosofico e poetico tra il sistema simbolico di William Blake e quello di W. B. Yeats, Da Blake a Yeats mette in luce come Works of William Blake costituisca la prima vera formalizzazione degli insegnamenti blakiani ed esoterici nel sistema yeatsiano; quanto costituisca, per Yeats stesso, una chiave di volta nella sua visione di Blake e una fonte inesauribile per lo sviluppo del suo sistema simbolico e della sua immaginazione in atto.

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Vulnerability is not often associated with virtue. Yet to be vulnerable is central to human experience. In this book, McCoy examines ways in which Greek epic, tragedy, and philosophy have important insights to offer about the nature of human vulnerability and how human beings might better come to terms with their own vulnerability. While studies of Greek heroism and virtue often focus on strength of character, prowess in war, or the achievement of honor for oneself or one’s society, McCoy examines another side to Greek thought that extols the recognition and proper acceptance of vulnerability. McCoy begins with the literary works of Homer’s Iliad, Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus and Philoctetes before expanding her analysis to philosophical works. There, she analyzes imagery of wounding in Plato’s Gorgias and Symposium as well as Aristotle’s work on the vulnerability inherent in friendship and an innovative interpretation of tragic catharsis in the Poetics. As much a work of philosophy as of classical textual analysis, McCoy’s work aims at a deeper understanding of the virtues of vulnerability for individuals and societies alike.

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W. B. Yeats e la cultura italiana examines the "Italianism" of William Butler Yeats and the popularity of the Irish poet in Italian poetry and criticism. Appraising the presence and evocative influence of "learned Italian things" on the work of the Irish poet, through the study of his letters and as illustrated by the library conserved by his daughter Anne, and with constant references to the texts themselves, the Italian influences most evidently present in the work of the Irish Nobel winner are analysed and discussed. This first section of the book presents in its entirety the largely unpublished correspondence between Years and the philosopher Mario Manlio Rossi. Subsequently, observing the influence and the fascination exerted by the work of Yeats on Italian poets such as Montale, Solmi and Giudici, who even translated some of Yeats' poems, and Lucio Piccolo, who also had a brief epistolary exchange with the Irish poet, this too still partially unpublished, we arrive at a critical examination of the Italian reception of Yeats' works. W. B. Yeats e la cultura italiana is rounded off by an annotated bibliography of the translations and works of criticism which represents an important overview of the penetration of Yeats' work in Italy (1905-2005).

W. B. Yeats e la cultura italiana prende in esame l''italianismo' di William Butler Yeats e la fortuna del poeta irlandese nella poesia e nella critica italiana. Verificando la presenza, l'influenza e la suggestione delle «learned Italian things» sull'opera del poeta irlandese, attraverso la ricognizione delle sue letture così come si evince dalla biblioteca custodita dalla figlia Anne, e grazie a un costante riferimento ai testi, vengono analizzati e discussi gli influssi italiani più marcatamente presenti nella produzione del Nobel irlandese. Questa prima parte del volume presenta, nella sua interezza, il carteggio in gran parte inedito tra Yeats e il filosofo Mario Manlio Rossi. Osservando successivamente l'influenza e la fascinazione esercitata dall'opera yeatsiana sui poeti italiani Montale, Solmi e Giudici, che di Yeats tradussero alcune poesie, e Lucio Piccolo, che con il poeta irlandese intrattenne un breve scambio epistolare, anch'esso ancora parzialmente inedito, si giunge ad una disamina critica della ricezione italiana dell'opera di Yeats. W. B. Yeats e la cultura italiana si chiude con una bibliografia ragionata delle traduzioni e dei contributi critici che costituisce un importante quadro di riferimento della penetrazione dell'opera di Yeats in Italia (1905-2005).

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